Food Fundamentals and Chemistry

Food Fundamentals and Chemistry

1 Food Basics

  1. Food Source
  2. Food Chain
  3. Food Safety
  4. Food Constituents
  5. Food and its Functions
  6. Sacred Foods and Food Taboos
  7. Food as Source of Nutrients
  8. Cuisines
  9. Consumption Trends
  10. Food Industry
  11. Processing and Value Addition
  12. National Food Processing Policy
  13. Food Trade

2 Food from Plant Sources

  1. Food Grains
  2. Cereals
  3. Structure and Composition of Cereals
  4. Post Harvest Processing
  5. Foods from Cereals
  6. Grain Legumes
  7. Composition of Legumes
  8. Processing Pulses
  9. Oilseeds: Characteristics
  10. Processing of Oilseeds
  11. Horticultural Crops: Structure and Composition
  12. Post Harvest Technology

3 Foods of Animal Origin

  1. Food Safety
  2. Meat and Meat Products
  3. Eggs and Egg Products
  4. Milk and Milk Products
  5. Fish and Fishery Products

4 Other Foods

  1. Comfort Foods
  2. Energy Foods/Drinks
  3. Stimulating Drinks
  4. Health Foods
  5. Nutraceuticals
  6. Ayurvedic Medicinal Foods
  7. Traditional Indian Foods
  8. Honey
  9. Genetically Modified Foods
  10. Infant Foods
  11. Organic Foods

5 Water

  1. Structure of Water
  2. Properties of Water
  3. Types of Water in Foods
  4. Moisture Content
  5. Definition of Water Activity
  6. Measurement of Water Activity
  7. Sorption Isotherms
  8. Food Spoilage
  9. Water Quality and Standards

6 Carbohydrates

  1. Occurrence
  2. Structure and Classification
  3. Physicochemical Properties of Carbohydrates
  4. Effect of Food Processing on Carbohydrates
  5. Application of Carbohydrates in Foods
  6. Nutritional and Clinical Importance of Carbohydrates

7 Proteins and Enzymes

  1. Occurrence of Proteins
  2. Classification of Proteins
  3. Structure of Proteins
  4. Properties of Proteins
  5. Enzymes
  6. Enzyme Utilization in Food Industry

8 Lipids

  1. Occurrence and Sources
  2. Classification of Lipids
  3. Structure of Lipids
  4. Properties of Lipids
  5. Deteriorative Changes in Fats and Oils and their Prevention
  6. Applications in Foods and Nutrition

9 Vitamins and Minerals

  1. Classification of Vitamins
  2. Fat Soluble Vitamins
  3. Water Soluble Vitamins
  4. Classification of Minerals
  5. Effect of Food Processing on Vitamins and Minerals
  6. Toxic Metals: Sources and Symptoms
  7. Fortification โ€“ Need and Types

10 Food Additives

  1. What are Food Additives?
  2. Preservatives
  3. Antioxidants
  4. Acidulants
  5. Colouring Agents
  6. Flavouring Agents
  7. Sweeteners
  8. Miscellaneous Additives

11 Sampling Techniques of Food Products

  1. Sample Collection
  2. Sampling Standards
  3. The Sampling Plan
  4. Sampling Techniques/Methods
  5. Three Class Sampling Plan
  6. Preparation of Sampling Plans
  7. Sub Sampling for Analysis and Taking the Test Portion
  8. Sample Preparation for Analysis
  9. Difficulties in Sampling
  10. Sample Accountability
  11. Retention of Samples and Records

12 Physical and Chemical Analysis of Foods

  1. Physical Properties
  2. Chemical Properties
  3. Physical and Chemical Properties of Oils and Fats

13 Instrumentation in Food Analysis

  1. Need for Food Analysis
  2. Why do We Need Instrumentation in Food Analysis?
  3. Selecting an Appropriate Instrumental Technique
  4. Instrumental Techniques in Food Analysis
  5. Chromatographic Techniques
  6. Gas Chromatography
  7. Detector for Gas Chromatography
  8. Sampling Techniques for GC
  9. Applications of Gas Chromatography
  10. Liquid Chromatography
  11. Characteristic Features of HPLC
  12. Comparison of HPLC and GC
  13. A Typical Modern Liquid Chromatograph
  14. Detectors for HPLC
  15. Applications of HPLC
  16. Thin Layer Chromatography
  17. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
  18. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
  19. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)
  20. Spectroscopic Techniques
  21. Distribution of Energy in Atoms and Molecules
  22. Characteristics of Electromagnetic Waves
  23. Interaction of Radiation with Matter
  24. Spectroscopic Instruments
  25. Thermal Methods of Analysis
  26. Thermogravimetry
  27. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)
  28. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

14 Sensory Evaluation of Food Products

  1. Need for Sensory Evaluation
  2. Physiological Basis of Sensory Evaluation
  3. Organoleptic Panel
  4. Subjective Methods
  5. Objective Methods
  6. Difference Tests
  7. Descriptive Tests
  8. Affective Tests
  9. Sensory Evaluation Environment

15 Introduction to Food Preservation and Processing

  1. Thermal Processing
  2. Thermal Processes
  3. Thermal Death Time
  4. Food Drying/ Dehydration
  5. Cooling and Freezing
  6. Food Preservation using Chemicals
  7. Minimal Processing of Fresh Foods
  8. Emerging Techniques
  9. Emerging Technologies for Minimally Processed Fresh Fruit Juices

16 Food Packaging

  1. Need for Packaging of foods
  2. Types of Packaging
  3. Forms of Packaging
  4. Packaging Material
  5. Flexible Packaging Materials
  6. Rigid Packaging Materials
  7. Semi Rigid Packaging Materials
  8. Some Modern Packaging Concepts
  9. Modified Atmosphere Packaging
  10. Active and Intelligent Packaging

17 Waste Management in Food Processing Industry

  1. Energy Efficiency and Conservation
  2. Water Conservation
  3. Byproduct Utilization
  4. Treatment of Solid Wastes
  5. Treatment of Liquid Wastes
  6. Corporate Social Responsibility