Food Toxicology and Public Health

Food Toxicology and Public Health

1 Basics of Food Toxicology

  1. Definitions
  2. Uniqueness of Food Toxicology
  3. General Principles of Food Toxicology
  4. Classification of Toxicants
  5. Sensitivity of Humans to Chemicals/Toxic Compounds in Food
  6. Factors Affecting Toxicity of Compounds
  7. Methods used in Safety Evaluation-Risk Assessments
  8. Applications of Toxicology in Risk Analysis (Risk Assessment, Risk Management, Risk Communication)

2 Biological Factors Influencing Toxicity

  1. Absorption of Toxicants
  2. Distribution of Toxicants
  3. Storage of Toxicants in Tissues
  4. Metabolism/Biotransformation of Toxicants
  5. Excretion of Toxicants

3 Determination of Toxicants in Food and Types of Toxicological Studies

  1. Sampling Plans, Sample Collection and Processing
  2. Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis
  3. Sample Extraction Techniques for Analysis of Toxicants
  4. Analytical Techniques for Detection of Toxicants
  5. Types of Toxicological Studies
  6. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) Studies

4 Adverse Reactions to Food and Food Adulteration

  1. Food Intolerance
  2. Celiac Disease
  3. Milk Allergy versus Lactose Intolerance
  4. Food Allergy
  5. Toxicity of Alcoholic Drinks
  6. Hypervitaminosis (Vitamin A Toxicity)
  7. Food Adulteration
  8. Classification of Food Adulterants
  9. Toxicity due to Food Adulteration & Symptoms
  10. Methods of Detecting Adulterants
  11. Preventive Strategies for Food Adulteration in India
  12. Melamine Contamination and Toxicity

5 Natural Toxins from Plant, Animals, Marine Sources

  1. Toxins from various animals, plants, and marine sources
  2. Toxins from animals/ zootoxins
  3. Plant toxins/ phytotoxins
  4. Goitrogens
  5. Favism
  6. Lectins
  7. Vasoactive amines
  8. Plant alkaloids – caffeine and nicotine
  9. Toxins from marine sources
  10. Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning
  11. Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP)
  12. Puffer Fish Poison
  13. Ciguatoxin
  14. Scombroid Fish Poisoning
  15. Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning
  16. Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning

6 Pesticide Residues in Food, their Toxicology and Safety

  1. Terms and definitions
  2. Classification of pesticides
  3. Mode of action, pharmacokinetics, and toxic dose of chemical pesticides
  4. Safety evaluation of pesticide residues
  5. Management of chemical pesticides and its regulation
  6. Reduction of pesticide residues in food

7 Heavy Metals and Contaminants in Foods

  1. What are heavy metals?
  2. Characteristics of heavy metals
  3. Sources of heavy metals in soil-crop systems
  4. Food sources of major heavy metals and toxicity
  5. Hydrocarbons
  6. Dioxins
  7. Persistent organic pollutant (POP)

8 Veterinary Drugs Residues in Foods and their Safety

  1. Veterinary drugs
  2. Classification of veterinary drugs
  3. Mode of action
  4. Causes of veterinary drug residues in Food
  5. Concerns of veterinary drug residues in Food
  6. Regulatory aspects of veterinary drug residues in food

9 Toxicants Generated from Processing and Packaging

  1. Nitrosamines
  2. Maillard reaction products
  3. Acrylamide
  4. Chemicals or carcinogens in smoked products and products from pyrolysis
  5. Food irradiation and its toxic effects

10 Food Additives and Nutraceuticals Toxicology

  1. Regulatory definition of Food Additives
  2. Toxicity of food additives
  3. Generally Recognised as Safe (GRAS)
  4. Safety determination of direct food additives
  5. Indirect Additives Toxicity/Safety
  6. Brief Regulatory Aspects of Nutraceuticals

11 Microbial and Fungal Toxins in Food and Food Poisoning

  1. Types of Food Borne Illness
  2. Bacterial toxins
  3. Clostridium botulinum
  4. Staphylococcal aureus
  5. B. cereus
  6. E. coli toxins
  7. Fungal toxins

12 Public Health Risks Related to Food

  1. Causes of major foodborne illnesses
  2. Salmonellosis
  3. Listeriosis
  4. Diarrheal diseases
  5. Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection
  6. Campylobacter infection
  7. Hepatitis A Infection
  8. Foodborne Trematode Infections
  9. Taeniasis/Cysticercosis
  10. Echinococcosis
  11. Foodborne Botulism

13 Case Studies Related to Food Hazards

  1. Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak (1993)
  2. Walkerton water crisis (2000)
  3. BSE (mad cow disease) outbreak (1980s-2000s)
  4. Fukushima nuclear disaster (2011)
  5. Listeriosis outbreak in South Africa (2017-2018)
  6. Maggi Noodle Controversy (2015)
  7. Mid-Day Meal Tragedy in Bihar (2013)
  8. Kodaikanal Mercury Poisoning (2015)
  9. Food Poisoning at a Marriage Ceremony in Uttar Pradesh (2013)
  10. Vizag Gas Leak (2020)
  11. Mumbai Street Food Contamination (2015)
  12. Amoebiasis Outbreak in Odisha (2016)
  13. Adulteration of Milk and Milk Products (2014)
  14. Delhi Water Contamination (2019)
  15. Pesticide Poisoning in Maharashtra (2017)
  16. The Punjab hooch tragedy 2020
  17. The West Bengal hooch tragedy of 2011
  18. Prevention and control of microbiological and chemical agents

14 Epidemiology

  1. Definition of epidemiology
  2. Common Terminologies used in epidemiology of food borne diseases
  3. Epidemiological triad of foodborne disease
  4. Risk analysis
  5. Outbreak investigation
  6. Disease surveillance, outbreak investigation and response in India

15 Surveillance of Food Borne Diseases

  1. Introduction โ€“ Food Toxicology and its Importance in Public Health
  2. Food Safety Surveillance System
  3. National Guidelines and Programs โ€“ Codex Alimentarius & FSSAI
  4. Food Safety Regulations of India
  5. Food Hygiene & Sanitation
  6. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)